Sidelink resource handling for cu-du split based v2x communication

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for sidelink resource handling for central unit (CU)-distributed unit (DU) split based vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is provided. A gNB central unit (gNB-CU) in a wireless communication system receives, from a wireless device, information related to a radio access technology (RAT) for which a sidelink resource is requested. The gNB-CU transmits, to a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU), the information related to the RAT for sidelink resource allocation.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to sidelink resource handling for centralunit (CU)-distributed unit (DU) split based vehicle-to-everything (V2X)communication.

BACKGROUND

3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is atechnology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemeshave been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim toreduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand andimprove coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced costper bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequencyband, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate powerconsumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

Work has started in international telecommunication union (ITU) and 3GPPto develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems.3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed forsuccessfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgentmarket needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITUradio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobiletelecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able touse any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be madeavailable for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usagescenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhancedmobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC),ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shallbe inherently forward compatible.

Mobile carriers are providing more services in service areas which getsmaller. This small service area may be specified as a small cell.However, it may be an issue to communicate travelling between thesesmall service areas, in which all of capacity, coverage, andinterference need to be considered. Accordingly, it has been proposed toserve small cells through a centralized radio access network (C-RAN).One requirement for implementing the C-RAN is a new concept calledfronthaul.

SUMMARY

In 5G NR, it has been introduced to divide a base station (e.g., gNB)into a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) in order to solvethe problem of fronthaul. In addition, enhanced vehicle-to-everything(eV2X) is also to be designed based on NR architecture and physicalframework. Dedicated Resource grant allocation and resource poolbroadcast for sidelink communication are the issues to solve for newNG-RAN architecture based eV2X.

In an aspect, a method for a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) in a wirelesscommunication system is provided. The method includes receiving, from awireless device, information related to a radio access technology (RAT)for which a sidelink resource is requested, and transmitting, to a gNBdistributed unit (gNB-DU), the information related to the RAT.

In another aspect, an apparatus for implementing the above method isprovided.

The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

For example, for advanced/enhanced V2X services, the resource managementcan be enhanced from the legacy resource management.

For example, the resource can be allocated efficiently foradvanced/enhanced V2X services in case of CU/DU split basedarchitecture.

For example, the resource allocation for advanced V2X services may bemore realistic in case of CU/DU split based architecture.

For example, the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE or pedestrian UE orother UE) can perform V2X sidelink communication by using 4G LTEresource, 5G NR resource or both.

Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effectslisted above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effectsthat a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understandand/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specificeffects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitlydescribed herein, but may include various effects that may be understoodor derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows examples of 5G usage scenarios to which the technicalfeatures of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to whichthe technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a control plane protocol stack to whichthe technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the overall architecture of an NG-RAN towhich technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 8 shows an interface protocol structure for Fl-C to which technicalfeatures of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 9 shows another example of a wireless communication system to whichthe technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 10 shows a UE to which the technical features of the presentdisclosure can be applied.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a method for allocating resources for V2Xsidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 12 shows another example of a method for allocating resources forV2X sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 13 shows another example of a method for allocating resources forV2X sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 14 shows another example of a method for allocating resources forV2X sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 15 shows an example of an AI device to which the technical featuresof the present disclosure can be applied.

FIG. 16 shows an example of an AI system to which the technical featuresof the present disclosure can be applied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical features described below may be used by a communicationstandard by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP)standardization organization, a communication standard by the instituteof electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE), etc. For example, thecommunication standards by the 3GPP standardization organization includelong-term evolution (LTE) and/or evolution of LTE systems. The evolutionof LTE systems includes LTE-advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, and/or 5G newradio (NR). The communication standard by the IEEE standardizationorganization includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) system suchas IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax. The above system uses various multipleaccess technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess (01-DMA) and/or single carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) for downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL). For example, only OFDMAmay be used for DL and only SC-FDMA may be used for UL. Alternatively,OFDMA and SC-FDMA may be used for DL and/or UL.

In the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or“both A and B”. In other words, “A or B” in the present disclosure maybe interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, “A, B or C” in the presentdisclosure may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination ofA, B and C”.

In the present disclosure, slash (/) or comma (,) may mean “and/or”. Forexample, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, Bor C”.

In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”,“only B” or “both A and B”. In addition, the expression “at least one ofA or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” in the present disclosure may beinterpreted as same as “at least one of A and B”.

In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” maymean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”.In addition, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/orC” may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”.In detail, when it is shown as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH”may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words,“control information” in the present disclosure is not limited to“PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be proposed as an example of “controlinformation”. In addition, even when shown as “control information(i.e., PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “controlinformation”.

Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in thepresent disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the namesof the specific signals/messages/fields shown in the drawings areprovided by way of example, and thus the technical features of thepresent disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in thefollowing drawings.

FIG. 1 shows examples of 5G usage scenarios to which the technicalfeatures of the present disclosure can be applied.

The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5Gusage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 1, the three main requirements areas of 5G include (1)enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) domain, (2) massive machine typecommunication (mMTC) area, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latencycommunications (URLLC) area. Some use cases may require multiple areasfor optimization and, other use cases may only focus on only one keyperformance indicator (KPI). 5G is to support these various use cases ina flexible and reliable way.

eMBB focuses on across-the-board enhancements to the data rate, latency,user density, capacity and coverage of mobile broadband access. The eMBBaims ˜10 Gbps of throughput. eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internetaccess and covers rich interactive work and media and entertainmentapplications in cloud and/or augmented reality. Data is one of the keydrivers of 5G and may not be able to see dedicated voice services forthe first time in the 5G era. In 5G, the voice is expected to beprocessed as an application simply using the data connection provided bythe communication system. The main reason for the increased volume oftraffic is an increase in the size of the content and an increase in thenumber of applications requiring high data rates. Streaming services(audio and video), interactive video and mobile Internet connectivitywill become more common as more devices connect to the Internet. Many ofthese applications require always-on connectivity to push real-timeinformation and notifications to the user. Cloud storage andapplications are growing rapidly in mobile communication platforms,which can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is aspecial use case that drives growth of uplink data rate. 5G is also usedfor remote tasks on the cloud and requires much lower end-to-end delayto maintain a good user experience when the tactile interface is used.In entertainment, for example, cloud games and video streaming areanother key factor that increases the demand for mobile broadbandcapabilities. Entertainment is essential in smartphones and tabletsanywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, cars andairplanes. Another use case is augmented reality and informationretrieval for entertainment. Here, augmented reality requires very lowlatency and instantaneous data amount.

mMTC is designed to enable communication between devices that arelow-cost, massive in number and battery-driven, intended to supportapplications such as smart metering, logistics, and field and bodysensors. mMTC aims ˜10 years on battery and/or ˜1 million devices/km2.mMTC allows seamless integration of embedded sensors in all areas and isone of the most widely used 5G applications. Potentially by 2020,internet-of-things (IoT) devices are expected to reach 20.4 billion.Industrial IoT is one of the areas where 5G plays a key role in enablingsmart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture and securityinfrastructures.

URLLC will make it possible for devices and machines to communicate withultra-reliability, very low latency and high availability, making itideal for vehicular communication, industrial control, factoryautomation, remote surgery, smart grids and public safety applications.URLLC aims ˜1 ms of latency. URLLC includes new services that willchange the industry through links with ultra-reliability/low latency,such as remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles.The level of reliability and latency is essential for smart gridcontrol, industrial automation, robotics, drones control andcoordination.

Next, a plurality of use cases included in the triangle of FIG. 1 willbe described in more detail.

5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (orDOCSIS) as a means of delivering streams rated from hundreds of megabitsper second to gigabits per second. This high speed can be required todeliver TVs with resolutions of 4K or more (6K, 8K and above) as well asvirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). VR and AR applicationsinclude mostly immersive sporting events. Certain applications mayrequire special network settings. For example, in the case of a VR game,a game company may need to integrate a core server with an edge networkserver of a network operator to minimize delay.

Automotive is expected to become an important new driver for 5G, withmany use cases for mobile communications to vehicles. For example,entertainment for passengers demands high capacity and high mobilebroadband at the same time. This is because future users will continueto expect high-quality connections regardless of their location andspeed. Another use case in the automotive sector is an augmented realitydashboard. The driver can identify an object in the dark on top of whatis being viewed through the front window through the augmented realitydashboard. The augmented reality dashboard displays information thatwill inform the driver about the object's distance and movement. In thefuture, the wireless module enables communication between vehicles,information exchange between the vehicle and the supportinginfrastructure, and information exchange between the vehicle and otherconnected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by a pedestrian). Thesafety system allows the driver to guide the alternative course ofaction so that he can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk ofaccidents. The next step will be a remotely controlled vehicle orself-driving vehicle. This requires a very reliable and very fastcommunication between different self-driving vehicles and betweenvehicles and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driving vehicle willperform all driving activities, and the driver will focus only ontraffic that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technicalrequirements of self-driving vehicles require ultra-low latency andhigh-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to a level notachievable by humans.

Smart cities and smart homes, which are referred to as smart societies,will be embedded in high density wireless sensor networks. Thedistributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions forcost and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or house. A similarsetting can be performed for each home. Temperature sensors, windows andheating controllers, burglar alarms and appliances are all wirelesslyconnected. Many of these sensors typically require low data rate, lowpower and low cost. However, for example, real-time high-definition (HD)video may be required for certain types of devices for monitoring.

The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, ishighly dispersed, requiring automated control of distributed sensornetworks. The smart grid interconnects these sensors using digitalinformation and communication technologies to collect and act oninformation. This information can include supplier and consumerbehavior, allowing the smart grid to improve the distribution of fuel,such as electricity, in terms of efficiency, reliability, economy,production sustainability, and automated methods. The smart grid can beviewed as another sensor network with low latency.

The health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobilecommunications. Communication systems can support telemedicine toprovide clinical care in remote locations. This can help to reducebarriers to distance and improve access to health services that are notcontinuously available in distant rural areas. It is also used to savelives in critical care and emergency situations. Mobile communicationbased wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensorsfor parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly importantin industrial applications. Wiring costs are high for installation andmaintenance. Thus, the possibility of replacing a cable with a wirelesslink that can be reconfigured is an attractive opportunity in manyindustries. However, achieving this requires that wireless connectionsoperate with similar delay, reliability, and capacity as cables and thattheir management is simplified. Low latency and very low errorprobabilities are new requirements that need to be connected to 5G.

Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobilecommunications that enable tracking of inventory and packages anywhereusing location based information systems. Use cases of logistics andfreight tracking typically require low data rates, but require a largerange and reliable location information.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 2, the wireless communication system may include afirst device 210 and a second device 220.

The first device 210 includes a base station, a network node, atransmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wirelesscommunication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomousdriving function, a connected car, a drone, an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), an artificial intelligence (AI) module, a robot, an AR device, aVR device, a mixed reality (MR) device, a hologram device, a publicsafety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, afin-tech device (or, a financial device), a security device, aclimate/environmental device, a device related to SG services, or adevice related to the fourth industrial revolution.

The second device 220 includes a base station, a network node, atransmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wirelesscommunication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomousdriving function, a connected car, a drone, a UAV, an AI module, arobot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, apublic safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, afin-tech device (or, a financial device), a security device, aclimate/environmental device, a device related to SG services, or adevice related to the fourth industrial revolution.

For example, the UE may include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptopcomputer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a slatepersonal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a wearable device(e.g., a smartwatch, a smart glass, a head mounted display (HMD)) . Forexample, the HMD may be a display device worn on the head. For example,the HMD may be used to implement AR, VR and/or MR.

For example, the drone may be a flying object that is flying by a radiocontrol signal without a person boarding it. For example, the VR devicemay include a device that implements an object or background in thevirtual world. For example, the AR device may include a device thatimplements connection of an object and/or a background of a virtualworld to an object and/or a background of the real world. For example,the MR device may include a device that implements fusion of an objectand/or a background of a virtual world to an object and/or a backgroundof the real world. For example, the hologram device may include a devicethat implements a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playingstereoscopic information by utilizing a phenomenon of interference oflight generated by the two laser lights meeting with each other, calledholography. For example, the public safety device may include a videorelay device or a video device that can be worn by the user's body. Forexample, the MTC device and the IoT device may be a device that do notrequire direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, the MTCdevice and the IoT device may include a smart meter, a vending machine,a thermometer, a smart bulb, a door lock and/or various sensors. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, alleviating, handling, or preventing a disease.For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or disorder.For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofinspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function. For example,the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of controllingpregnancy. For example, the medical device may include a treatmentdevice, a surgical device, an (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearingaid and/or a procedural device, etc. For example, a security device maybe a device installed to prevent the risk that may occur and to maintainsafety. For example, the security device may include a camera, aclosed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box. For example, thefin-tech device may be a device capable of providing financial servicessuch as mobile payment. For example, the fin-tech device may include apayment device or a point of sales (POS). For example, theclimate/environmental device may include a device for monitoring orpredicting the climate/environment.

The first device 210 may include at least one or more processors, suchas a processor 211, at least one memory, such as a memory 212, and atleast one transceiver, such as a transceiver 213. The processor 211 mayperform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the presentdisclosure described below. The processor 211 may perform one or moreprotocols. For example, the processor 211 may perform one or more layersof the air interface protocol. The memory 212 is connected to theprocessor 211 and may store various types of information and/orinstructions. The transceiver 213 is connected to the processor 211 andmay be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

The second device 220 may include at least one or more processors, suchas a processor 221, at least one memory, such as a memory 222, and atleast one transceiver, such as a transceiver 223. The processor 221 mayperform the functions, procedures, and/or methods of the presentdisclosure described below. The processor 221 may perform one or moreprotocols. For example, the processor 221 may perform one or more layersof the air interface protocol. The memory 222 is connected to theprocessor 221 and may store various types of information and/orinstructions. The transceiver 223 is connected to the processor 221 andmay be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

The memory 212, 222 may be connected internally or externally to theprocessor 211, 221, or may be connected to other processors via avariety of technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

The first device 210 and/or the second device 220 may have more than oneantenna.

For example, antenna 214 and/or antenna 224 may be configured totransmit and receive wireless signals.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communication system to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

Specifically, FIG. 3 shows a system architecture based on anevolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). Theaforementioned LTE is a part of an evolved-UTMS (e-UMTS) using theE-UTRAN.

Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless communication system includes one ormore user equipment (UE) 310, an E-UTRAN and an evolved packet core(EPC). The UE 310 refers to a communication equipment carried by a user.The UE 310 may be fixed or mobile. The UE 310 may be referred to asanother terminology, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal(UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, etc.

The E-UTRAN consists of one or more evolved NodeB (eNB) 320. The eNB 320provides the E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminationstowards the UE 10. The eNB 320 is generally a fixed station thatcommunicates with the UE 310. The eNB 320 hosts the functions, such asinter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio bearer (RB) control,connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurementconfiguration/provision, dynamic resource allocation (scheduler), etc.The eNB 320 may be referred to as another terminology, such as a basestation (BS), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP),etc.

A downlink (DL) denotes communication from the eNB 320 to the UE 310. Anuplink (UL) denotes communication from the UE 310 to the eNB 320. Asidelink (SL) denotes communication between the UEs 310. In the DL, atransmitter may be a part of the eNB 320, and a receiver may be a partof the UE 310. In the UL, the transmitter may be a part of the UE 310,and the receiver may be a part of the eNB 320. In the SL, thetransmitter and receiver may be a part of the UE 310.

The EPC includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway(S-GW) and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME hosts thefunctions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idle statemobility handling, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer control, etc. TheS-GW hosts the functions, such as mobility anchoring, etc. The S-GW is agateway having an E-UTRAN as an endpoint. For convenience, MME/S-GW 330will be referred to herein simply as a “gateway,” but it is understoodthat this entity includes both the MME and S-GW. The P-GW hosts thefunctions, such as UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation, packetfiltering, etc. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an endpoint. TheP-GW is connected to an external network.

The UE 310 is connected to the eNB 320 by means of the Uu interface. TheUEs 310 are interconnected with each other by means of the PC5interface. The eNBs 320 are interconnected with each other by means ofthe X2 interface. The eNBs 320 are also connected by means of the S1interface to the EPC, more specifically to the MME by means of theS1-MME interface and to the S-GW by means of the S1-U interface. The S1interface supports a many-to-many relation between MMEs/S-GWs and eNBs.

FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to whichthe technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G NR. Theentity used in the 5G NR (hereinafter, simply referred to as “NR”) mayabsorb some or all of the functions of the entities introduced in FIG. 3(e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW). The entity used in the NR may be identified bythe name “NG” for distinction from the LTE/LTE-A.

Referring to FIG. 4, the wireless communication system includes one ormore UE 410, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) and a 5th generation corenetwork (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. TheNG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the eNB 320 shown in FIG. 3.The NG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 421 and/or at least oneng-eNB 422. The gNB 421 provides NR user plane and control planeprotocol terminations towards the UE 410. The ng-eNB 422 provides E-UTRAuser plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 410.

The 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), auser plane function (UPF) and a session management function (SMF). TheAMF hosts the functions, such as NAS security, idle state mobilityhandling, etc. The AMF is an entity including the functions of theconventional MME. The UPF hosts the functions, such as mobilityanchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) handling. The UPF an entityincluding the functions of the conventional S-GW. The SMF hosts thefunctions, such as UE IP address allocation, PDU session control.

The gNBs 421 and ng-eNBs 422 are interconnected with each other by meansof the Xn interface. The gNBs 421 and ng-eNBs 422 are also connected bymeans of the NG interfaces to the 5GC, more specifically to the AMF bymeans of the NG-C interface and to the UPF by means of the NG-Uinterface.

A protocol structure between network entities described above isdescribed. On the system of FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 4, layers of a radiointerface protocol between the UE and the network (e.g., NG-RAN and/orE-UTRAN) may be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2),and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the opensystem interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in thecommunication system.

NR supports multiple numerology (or, subcarrier spacing (SCS)) tosupport various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, widearea in traditional cellular bands may be supported. When the SCS is 30kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth maybe supported. When the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range,i.e., FR1 and FR2. The numerical value of the frequency range may bechanged. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 andFR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in thefrequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean “sub 6 GHz range”,FR2 may mean “above 6 GHz range,” and may be referred to as millimeterwave (mmW).

TABLE 1 Frequency Range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing FR1  450 MHz-6000 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NRsystem may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may includea frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. Forexample, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) ormore included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bandsmay be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication forvehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 2 Frequency Range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied. FIG. 6shows a block diagram of a control plane protocol stack to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

The user/control plane protocol stacks shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 areused in NR. However, user/control plane protocol stacks shown in FIG. 5and FIG. 6 may be used in LTE/LTE-A without loss of generality, byreplacing gNB/AMF with eNB/MME.

Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to L1.The PHY layer offers information transfer services to media accesscontrol (MAC) sublayer and higher layers. The PHY layer offers to theMAC sublayer transport channels. Data between the MAC sublayer and thePHY layer is transferred via the transport channels. Between differentPHY layers, i.e., between a PHY layer of a transmission side and a PHYlayer of a reception side, data is transferred via the physicalchannels.

The MAC sublayer belongs to L2. The main services and functions of theMAC sublayer include mapping between logical channels and transportchannels, multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC service data units (SDUs)belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transportblocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels,scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybridautomatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling between UEs by meansof dynamic scheduling, priority handling between logical channels of oneUE by means of logical channel prioritization (LCP), etc. The MACsublayer offers to the radio link control (RLC) sublayer logicalchannels.

The RLC sublayer belong to L2. The RLC sublayer supports threetransmission modes, i.e. transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode(UM), and acknowledged mode (AM), in order to guarantee various qualityof services (QoS) required by radio bearers. The main services andfunctions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode. Forexample, the RLC sublayer provides transfer of upper layer PDUs for allthree modes, but provides error correction through ARQ for AM only. InLTE/LTE-A, the RLC sublayer provides concatenation, segmentation andreassembly of RLC SDUs (only for UM and AM data transfer) andre-segmentation of RLC data PDUs (only for AM data transfer). In NR, theRLC sublayer provides segmentation (only for AM and UM) andre-segmentation (only for AM) of RLC SDUs and reassembly of SDU (onlyfor AM and UM). That is, the NR does not support concatenation of RLCSDUs. The RLC sublayer offers to the packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) sublayer RLC channels.

The PDCP sublayer belong to L2. The main services and functions of thePDCP sublayer for the user plane include header compression anddecompression, transfer of user data, duplicate detection, PDCP PDUrouting, retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering and deciphering, etc.The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the controlplane include ciphering and integrity protection, transfer of controlplane data, etc.

The service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) sublayer belong to L2. TheSDAP sublayer is only defined in the user plane. The SDAP sublayer isonly defined for NR. The main services and functions of SDAP include,mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer (DRB), and markingQoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. The SDAP sublayer offers to5GC QoS flows.

A radio resource control (RRC) layer belongs to L3. The RRC layer isonly defined in the control plane. The RRC layer controls radioresources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layerexchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS. The main services andfunctions of the RRC layer include broadcast of system informationrelated to AS and NAS, paging, establishment, maintenance and release ofan RRC connection between the UE and the network, security functionsincluding key management, establishment, configuration, maintenance andrelease of radio bearers, mobility functions, QoS management functions,UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting, NAS messagetransfer to/from NAS from/to UE.

In other words, the RRC layer controls logical channels, transportchannels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration,reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. A radio bearer refers toa logical path provided by L1 (PHY layer) and L2 (MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAPsublayer) for data transmission between a UE and a network. Setting theradio bearer means defining the characteristics of the radio protocollayer and the channel for providing a specific service, and setting eachspecific parameter and operation method. Radio bearer may be dividedinto signaling RB (SRB) and data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path fortransmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and the DRB is used as apath for transmitting user data in the user plane.

An RRC state indicates whether an RRC layer of the UE is logicallyconnected to an

RRC layer of the E-UTRAN. In LTE/LTE-A, when the RRC connection isestablished between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of theE-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).Otherwise, the UE is in the RRC idle state (RRC_IDLE). In NR, the RRCinactive state (RRC_INACTIVE) is additionally introduced. RRC_INACTIVEmay be used for various purposes. For example, the massive machine typecommunications (MMTC) UEs can be efficiently managed in RRC_INACTIVE.When a specific condition is satisfied, transition is made from one ofthe above three states to the other.

A predetermined operation may be performed according to the RRC state.In RRC_IDLE, public land mobile network (PLMN) selection, broadcast ofsystem information (SI), cell re-selection mobility, core network (CN)paging and discontinuous reception (DRX) configured by NAS may beperformed. The UE shall have been allocated an identifier (ID) whichuniquely identifies the UE in a tracking area. No RRC context stored inthe BS.

In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE has an RRC connection with the network (i.e.E-UTRAN/NG-RAN). Network-CN connection (both C/U-planes) is alsoestablished for UE. The UE AS context is stored in the network and theUE. The RAN knows the cell which the UE belongs to. The network cantransmit and/or receive data to/from UE. Network controlled mobilityincluding measurement is also performed.

Most of operations performed in RRC_IDLE may be performed inRRC_INACTIVE. But, instead of CN paging in RRC_IDLE, RAN paging isperformed in RRC_INACTIVE. In other words, in RRC_IDLE, paging formobile terminated (MT) data is initiated by core network and paging areais managed by core network. In RRC_INACTIVE, paging is initiated byNG-RAN, and RAN-based notification area (RNA) is managed by NG-RAN.Further, instead of DRX for CN paging configured by NAS in RRC_IDLE, DRXfor RAN paging is configured by NG-RAN in RRC_INACTIVE. Meanwhile, inRRC_INACTIVE, 5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) is established forUE, and the UE AS context is stored in NG-RAN and the UE. NG-RAN knowsthe RNA which the UE belongs to.

NAS layer is located at the top of the RRC layer. The NAS controlprotocol performs the functions, such as authentication, mobilitymanagement, security control.

Split of gNB central unit (gNB-CU) and gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU) isdescribed. Section 6 of 3GPP TS 38.401 V15.4.0 (2018-12) and Sections5.2 and 7.1 of 3GPP TS 38.470 V15.4.0 (2018-12) may be referred.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the overall architecture of an NG-RAN towhich technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 7, a gNB may include a gNB-CU (hereinafter, gNB-CU maybe simply referred to as CU) and one or more gNB-DU (hereinafter, gNB-DUmay be simply referred to as DU).

The gNB-CU is a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of thegNB or an RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB. The gNB-CU controls theoperation of one or more gNB-DU.

The gNB-DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC, and physical layers ofthe gNB or the en-gNB. The operation of the gNB-DU is partly controlledby the gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell issupported by only one gNB-DU.

The gNB-CU and gNB-DU are connected via an F1 interface. The gNB-CUterminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. The gNB-DUterminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-CU. One gNB-DU isconnected to only one gNB-CU. However, the gNB-DU may be connected tomultiple gNB-CUs by appropriate implementation. The F1 interface is alogical interface.

For NG-RAN, the NG and Xn-C interfaces for a gNB consisting of a gNB-CUand gNB-DUs, terminate in the gNB-CU. For E-UTRAN-NR dual connectivity(EN-DC), the S1-U and X2-C interfaces for a gNB consisting of a gNB-CUand gNB-DUs, terminate in the gNB-CU. The gNB-CU and connected gNB-DUsare only visible to other gNBs and the 5GC as a gNB.

The node hosting user plane part of NR PDCP (e.g., gNB-CU, gNB-CU-UP,and for EN-DC, MeNB or SgNB depending on the bearer split) shall performuser inactivity monitoring and further informs its inactivity or(re)activation to the node having C-plane connection towards the corenetwork (e.g., over E1, X2). The node hosting NR RLC (e.g., gNB-DU) mayperform user inactivity monitoring and further inform its inactivity or(re)activation to the node hosting control plane, e.g., gNB-CU orgNB-CU-CP.

UL PDCP configuration (i.e., how the UE uses the UL at the assistingnode) is indicated via X2-C (for EN-DC), Xn-C (for NG-RAN) and Fl-C.Radio Link outage/resume for DL and/or UL is indicated via X2-U (forEN-DC), Xn-U (for NG-RAN) and F1-U.

The NG-RAN is layered into a radio network layer (RNL) and a transportnetwork layer (TNL).

The NG-RAN architecture, i.e., the NG-RAN logical nodes and interfacesbetween them, is defined as part of the RNL.

For each NG-RAN interface (NG, Xn, F1), the related TNL protocol and thefunctionality are specified. The TNL provides services for user planetransport, signaling transport.

In NG-Flex configuration, each gNB is connected to all AMFs within anAMF Region.

If security protection for control plane and user plane data on TNL ofNG-RAN interfaces has to be supported, network domain security (NDS)/IPshall be applied.

Functions of the F1 interface includes F1 control (Fl-C) functions asfollows.

(1) F1 Interface Management Function

The error indication function is used by the gNB-DU or gNB-CU toindicate to the gNB-CU or gNB-DU that an error has occurred.

The reset function is used to initialize the peer entity after nodesetup and after a failure event occurred. This procedure can be used byboth the gNB-DU and the gNB-CU.

The F1 setup function allows to exchange application level data neededfor the gNB-DU and gNB-CU to interoperate correctly on the F1 interface.The F1 setup is initiated by the gNB-DU.

The gNB-CU configuration update and gNB-DU configuration updatefunctions allow to update application level configuration data neededbetween gNB-CU and gNB-DU to interoperate correctly over the F1interface, and may activate or deactivate cells.

The F1 setup and gNB-DU configuration Update functions allow to informthe single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI)supported by the gNB-DU.

The F1 resource coordination function is used to transfer informationabout frequency resource sharing between gNB-CU and gNB-DU.

The gNB-DU status indication function allows the gNB-DU to indicateoverload status to gNB-CU.

(2) System Information Management Function

Scheduling of system broadcast information is carried out in the gNB-DU.The gNB-DU is responsible for transmitting the system informationaccording to the scheduling parameters available.

The gNB-DU is responsible for the encoding of NR master informationblock (MIB). In case broadcast of system information block type-1 (SIB1)and other SI messages is needed, the gNB-DU is responsible for theencoding of SIB1 and the gNB-CU is responsible for the encoding of otherSI messages.

To support Msg3 based on-demand SI, the gNB-CU can confirm the receivedSI request from the UE by including the UE identity, and command thegNB-DU to broadcast the requested other SIs.

(3) F1 UE Context Management Function

The F1 UE context management function supports the establishment andmodification of the necessary overall UE context.

The establishment of the F1 UE context is initiated by the gNB-CU andaccepted or rejected by the gNB-DU based on admission control criteria(e.g., resource not available).

The modification of the F1 UE context can be initiated by either gNB-CUor gNB-DU. The receiving node can accept or reject the modification. TheF1 UE context management function also supports the release of thecontext previously established in the gNB-DU. The release of the contextis triggered by the gNB-CU either directly or following a requestreceived from the gNB-DU. The gNB-CU request the gNB-DU to release theUE Context when the UE enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.

This function can be also used to manage DRBs and SRBs, i.e.,establishing, modifying and releasing DRB and SRB resources. Theestablishment and modification of DRB resources are triggered by thegNB-CU and accepted/rejected by the gNB-DU based on resource reservationinformation and QoS information to be provided to the gNB-DU. For eachDRB to be setup or modified, the S-NSSAI may be provided by gNB-CU tothe gNB-DU in the UE context setup procedure and the UE contextmodification procedure.

The mapping between QoS flows and radio bearers is performed by gNB-CUand the granularity of bearer related management over F1 is radio bearerlevel. For NG-RAN, the gNB-CU decides an aggregated DRB QoS profile foreach radio bearer based on received QoS flow profile, and provides bothaggregated DRB QoS profile and QoS flow profile to the gNB-DU, and thegNB-DU either accepts the request or rejects it with appropriate causevalue. To support packet duplication for intra-gNB-DU carrieraggregation (CA), one data radio bearer should be configured with twoGPRS tunneling protocol (GTP)-U tunnels between gNB-CU and a gNB-DU.

With this function, gNB-CU requests the gNB-DU to setup or change of thespecial cell (SpCell) for the UE, and the gNB-DU either accepts orrejects the request with appropriate cause value.

With this function, the gNB-CU requests the setup of the secondarycell(s) (SCell(s)) at the gNB-DU side, and the gNB-DU accepts all, someor none of the SCell(s) and replies to the gNB-CU. The gNB-CU requeststhe removal of the SCell(s) for the UE.

With this function, the gNB-CU indicates the UL UE AMBR limit to thegNB-DU, and the gNB-DU enforces the indicated limit.

(4) RRC Message Transfer Function

This function allows to transfer RRC messages between gNB-CU and gNB-DU.RRC messages are transferred over Fl-C. The gNB-CU is responsible forthe encoding of the dedicated RRC message with assistance informationprovided by gNB-DU. This function also allows gNB-DU to report to gNB-CU if the downlink RRC message has been successfully delivered to UE ornot.

(5) Paging Function

The gNB-DU is responsible for transmitting the paging informationaccording to the scheduling parameters provided.

The gNB-CU provides paging information to enable the gNB-DU to calculatethe exact paging occasion (PO) and paging frame (PF). The gNB-CUdetermines the paging attempt (PA). The gNB-DU consolidates all thepaging records for a particular PO, PF and PA, and encodes the final RRCmessage and broadcasts the paging message on the respective PO, PF inthe PA.

(6) Warning Messages Information Transfer Function

This function allows to cooperate with the warning message transmissionprocedures over NG interface. The gNB-CU is responsible for encoding thewarning related SI message and sending it together with other warningrelated information for the gNB-DU to broadcast over the radiointerface.

FIG. 8 shows an interface protocol structure for Fl-C to which technicalfeatures of the present disclosure can be applied.

TNL is based on Internet protocol (IP) transport, comprising a streamcontrol transmission protocol (SCTP) layer on top of the IP layer. Anapplication layer signaling protocol is referred to as an F1 applicationprotocol (E1AP).

FIG. 9 shows another example of a wireless communication system to whichthe technical features of the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 9, the wireless communication system may include afirst device 910 and a second device 920.

The first device 910 may include at least one transceiver, such as atransceiver 911, and at least one processing chip, such as a processingchip 912. The processing chip 912 may include at least one processor,such a processor 913, and at least one memory, such as a memory 914. Thememory may be operably connectable to the processor 913. The memory 914may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory914 may store a software code 915 which implements instructions that,when executed by the processor 913, perform operations of the presentdisclosure described below. For example, the software code 915 mayimplement instructions that, when executed by the processor 913, performthe functions, procedures, and/or methods of the present disclosuredescribed below. For example, the software code 915 may control theprocessor 913 to perform one or more protocols. For example, thesoftware code 915 may control the processor 913 may perform one or morelayers of the radio interface protocol.

The second device 920 may include at least one transceiver, such as atransceiver 921, and at least one processing chip, such as a processingchip 922. The processing chip 922 may include at least one processor,such a processor 923, and at least one memory, such as a memory 924. Thememory may be operably connectable to the processor 923. The memory 924may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory924 may store a software code 925 which implements instructions that,when executed by the processor 923, perform operations of the presentdisclosure described below. For example, the software code 925 mayimplement instructions that, when executed by the processor 923, performthe functions, procedures, and/or methods of the present disclosuredescribed below. For example, the software code 925 may control theprocessor 923 to perform one or more protocols. For example, thesoftware code 925 may control the processor 923 may perform one or morelayers of the radio interface protocol.

FIG. 10 shows a UE to which the technical features of the presentdisclosure can be applied.

A UE includes a processor 1010, a power management module 1011, abattery 1012, a display 1013, a keypad 1014, a subscriber identificationmodule (SIM) card 1015, a memory 1020, a transceiver 1030, one or moreantennas 1031, a speaker 1040, and a microphone 1041.

The processor 1010 may be configured to implement proposed functions,procedures and/or methods of the present disclosure described below. Theprocessor 1010 may be configured to control one or more other componentsof the UE 1000 to implement proposed functions, procedures and/ormethods of the present disclosure described below. Layers of the radiointerface protocol may be implemented in the processor 1010. Theprocessor 1010 may include application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit and/or data processing device. Theprocessor 1010 may be an application processor (AP). The processor 1010may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a modem(modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 1010 may befound in SNAPDRAGON™ series of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOS™series of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made byApple®, HELIO™ series of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOM™ series ofprocessors made by Intel® or a corresponding next generation processor.

The power management module 1011 manages power for the processor 1010and/or the transceiver 1030. The battery 1012 supplies power to thepower management module 1011. The display 1013 outputs results processedby the processor 1010. The keypad 1014 receives inputs to be used by theprocessor 1010. The keypad 1014 may be shown on the display 1013. TheSIM card 1015 is an integrated circuit that is intended to securelystore the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and itsrelated key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers onmobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It isalso possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

The memory 1020 is operatively coupled with the processor 1010 andstores a variety of information to operate the processor 1010. Thememory 1020 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory(RAM), flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/or other storagedevice. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniquesdescribed herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures,functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. Themodules can be stored in the memory 1020 and executed by the processor1010. The memory 1020 can be implemented within the processor 1010 orexternal to the processor 1010 in which case those can becommunicatively coupled to the processor 1010 via various means as isknown in the art.

The transceiver 1030 is operatively coupled with the processor 1010, andtransmits and/or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 1030 includesa transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1030 may include basebandcircuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 1030controls the one or more antennas 1031 to transmit and/or receive aradio signal.

The speaker 1040 outputs sound-related results processed by theprocessor 1010. The microphone 1041 receives sound-related inputs to beused by the processor 1010.

Support for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X)services has been introduced in LTE during Releases 14 and 15, in orderto expand the 3GPP platform to the automotive industry. These work itemsdefined an LTE sidelink suitable for vehicular applications, andcomplementary enhancements to the cellular infrastructure.

Further to this work, requirements for support of enhanced V2X use caseshave been defined in 5G LTE/NR, which are broadly arranged into four usecase groups:

1) Vehicles platooning enables the vehicles to dynamically form aplatoon travelling together. All the vehicles in the platoon obtaininformation from the leading vehicle to manage this platoon. Theseinformation allow the vehicles to drive closer than normal in acoordinated manner, going to the same direction and travelling together.

2) Extended Sensors enables the exchange of raw or processed datagathered through local sensors or live video images among vehicles, roadsite units, devices of pedestrian and V2X application servers. Thevehicles can increase the perception of their environment beyond of whattheir own sensors can detect and have a more broad and holistic view ofthe local situation. High data rate is one of the key characteristics.

3) Advanced driving enables semi-automated or full-automated driving.Each vehicle and/or RSU shares its own perception data obtained from itslocal sensors with vehicles in proximity and that allows vehicles tosynchronize and coordinate their trajectories or maneuvers. Each vehicleshares its driving intention with vehicles in proximity too.

4) Remote driving enables a remote driver or a V2X application tooperate a remote vehicle for those passengers who cannot drive bythemselves or remote vehicles located in dangerous environments. For acase where variation is limited and routes are predictable, such aspublic transportation, driving based on cloud computing can be used.High reliability and low latency are the main requirements.

NR V2X may complement LTE V2X for advanced V2X services and supportinterworking with LTE V2X. NR V2X is estimated to have two modes forresource allocation for V2X sidelink communication between wirelessdevices (e.g., vehicle, pedestrian UE). The first mode is dedicatedsignaling based mode, in which a wireless device can request to gNB fora dedicated resource grant for V2X sidelink communication. The secondmode is broadcast signaling based mode, in which a wireless device canget information on resource pool and/or resource grant through broadcastsignaling.

In case of CU/DU split, physical resource handling for V2X should besolved. Furthermore, it has been agreed that uplink of NR (i.e., NR Uu)can also control sidelink in LTE. Thus, how to control and handle theresource allocation problem for LTE, NR, or both may be an issue tosolve in case of CU/DU based NG-RAN.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a method for allocating resources for V2Xsidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

The procedure shown in FIG. 11 may be performed by gNB-CU. The gNB-CUmay be a logical node constituting a gNB that hosts RRC layer and PDCPlayer.

In step S1100, the gNB-CU receives, from a wireless device, informationrelated to a RAT for which a sidelink resource is requested.

In some implementations, the RAT for which the sidelink resource isrequested may only include a 4G LTE. In some implementations, the RATfor which the sidelink resource is requested only may include a 5G NR.In some implementations, the RAT for which the sidelink resource isrequested may include both a 4G LTE and a 5G NR. That is, theinformation related to the RAT for which the sidelink resource isrequested may inform one of 4G LTE sidelink resource, 5G NR sidelinkresource or both 4G LTE sidelink resource and 5G NR sidelink resource.

In some implementations, a capability of the wireless device on 4GLTE/5G NR/both may be received from the wireless device together withthe information related to the RAT for which the sidelink resource isrequested.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2.

In some implementations, the wireless device may be in communicationwith at least one of a mobile terminal, a network, and/or autonomousvehicles other than the wireless device.

In step S1110, the gNB-CU transmits, to a gNB-DU, the informationrelated to the RAT.

In some implementations, upon receiving the information related to theRAT, the gNB-CU may check the information related to the RAT on whatkind of resources that the wireless has requested. The gNB-CU may checkthe RAT for which the sidelink resource is requested based on theinformation related to the RAT.

In some implementations, the information related to the RAT may informthat the wireless device has requested 4G LTE sidelink resource for V2Xsidelink communication. In some implementations, the information relatedto the RAT may inform that the wireless device has requested 5G NRsidelink resource for V2X sidelink communication. In someimplementations, the information related to the RAT may inform that thewireless device has requested both 4G LTE sidelink resource and 5G NRsidelink resource for V2X sidelink communication.

In some implementations, together with the information related to theRAT, high level resource information (e.g., high level LTE resource, NRresource, or both) to be used for V2X sidelink communication may betransmitted to the gNB-DU. The transmission of the high level resourceinformation to be used for V2X sidelink communication may be realized bythe cell specific procedure (e.g., F1 setup procedure) and/oroperations, administration and management (OAM) configuration to thegNB-DU directly.

In some implementations, together with the information related to theRAT, the capability of the wireless device on 4G LTE/5G NR/both forwhich the sidelink resource is requested may be transmitted to thegNB-DU.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2. For the dedicated signalingbased mode by using dynamic resource allocation, the information relatedto the RAT may request the gNB-DU to allocate the exact sidelink granton 4G LTE, 5G NR and/or or both. For the dedicated signaling based modeby using configured grant type 2, the information related to the RAT mayrequest the gNB-DU to activate/release configured grant with DCI on 4GLTE, 5G NR or both.

In step S1120, the gNB-CU receives, from the gNB-DU, information relatedto the sidelink resource.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2. For the dedicated signalingbased mode by using dynamic resource allocation, the information relatedto the sidelink resource may include the exact sidelink grant on 4G LTE,5G NR and/or or both. For the dedicated signaling based mode by usingconfigured grant type 2, the information related to the sidelinkresource may include information for activation or release of aconfigured grant for the sidelink resource.

In step S1130, the gNB-CU transmits, to the wireless device, thesidelink resource. Upon receiving the sidelink resource, the wirelessdevice can perform V2X sidelink communication by using the sidelinkresource on 4G LTE/5G NR/both.

FIG. 12 shows another example of a method for allocating resources forV2X sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

The procedure shown in FIG. 12 may be performed by gNB-DU. The gNB-DUmay be a logical node constituting a gNB that hosts RLC layer, MAC layerand physical layer.

In step S1200, the gNB-DU receives, from a gNB-CU, information relatedto a RAT for which a sidelink resource is requested.

In some implementations, the information related to the RAT may informthat the wireless device has requested 4G LTE sidelink resource for V2Xsidelink communication. In some implementations, the information relatedto the RAT may inform that the wireless device has requested 5G NRsidelink resource for V2X sidelink communication. In someimplementations, the information related to the RAT may inform that thewireless device has requested both 4G LTE sidelink resource and 5G NRsidelink resource for V2X sidelink communication.

In some implementations, together with the information related to theRAT, high level resource information (e.g., high level LTE resource, NRresource, or both) to be used for V2X sidelink communication may bereceived from the gNB-CU. The reception of the high level resourceinformation to be used for V2X sidelink communication may be realized bythe cell specific procedure (e.g., F1 setup procedure) and/oroperations, OAM configuration from the gNB-CU directly.

In some implementations, together with the information related to theRAT, the capability of the wireless device on 4G LTE/5G NR/both forwhich the sidelink resource is requested may be received to the gNB-CU.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2. For the dedicated signalingbased mode by using dynamic resource allocation, the information relatedto the RAT may request the gNB-DU to allocate the exact sidelink granton 4G LTE, 5G NR and/or or both. For the dedicated signaling based modeby using configured grant type 2, the information related to the RAT mayrequest the gNB-DU to activate/release configured grant with DCI on 4GLTE, 5G NR or both.

In step S1210, the gNB-DU transmits, to the gNB-CU, information relatedto the sidelink resource.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2. For the dedicated signalingbased mode by using dynamic resource allocation, the information relatedto the sidelink resource may include the exact sidelink grant on 4G LTE,5G NR and/or or both. For the dedicated signaling based mode by usingconfigured grant type 2, the information related to the sidelinkresource may include information for activation or release of aconfigured grant for the sidelink resource.

FIG. 13 shows another example of a method for allocating resources forV2X sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

The procedure shown in FIG. 13 may correspond to the procedures shown inFIG. 11 and FIG. 12. The procedure shown in FIG. 13 is used for thededicated signaling based resource request and allocation for a vehicleor pedestrian UE.

In step S1300, the wireless device (e.g., the vehicle or pedestrian UE)transmits a request message to the gNB-CU. If the wireless device is inan idle mode (e.g., RRC_IDLE), the request message may be an RRC requestmessage. If the wireless device is in a connected mode (e.g.,RRC_CONNECTED), the request message may be an RRC reconfigurationrequest message.

In some implementations, the wireless device may transmit assistanceinformation to the gNB-CU based on its information and decision on thesidelink together with type of the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE orpedestrian UE or other UE). The assistance information may includetraffic pattern information of UE's sidelink. The traffic patterninformation may provide the traffic characteristics of sidelink logicalchannel(s) that are setup for V2X sidelink communication. For example,the traffic pattern information may include at least one of trafficperiodicity, timing offset, priority Information for sidelink, logicalchannel identity, etc.

In some implementations, the traffic periodicity may indicate theestimated data arrival periodicity in a sidelink logical channel Forexample, the traffic periodicity may be 20 ms, 50 ms, and so on.

In some implementations, the timing offset may indicate the estimatedtiming for a packet arrival in a sidelink logical channel For example,the value may indicate the timing offset with respect to subframe #0 ofsystem frame number (SFN) #0 in milliseconds.

In some implementations, the priority information may indicate thetraffic priority (i.e., proximity based services (ProSe)-per-packetpriority (PPPP)) associated with the reported traffic pattern for V2Xsidelink communication.

In some implementations, the wireless device may further transmitinformation related to a RAT for which the sidelink resource isrequested to the gNB-CU. In some implementations, the RAT for which thesidelink resource is requested may only include a 4G LTE. In someimplementations, the RAT for which the sidelink resource is requestedonly may include a 5G NR. In some implementations, the RAT for which thesidelink resource is requested may include both a 4G LTE and a 5G NR.That is, the information related to the RAT for which the sidelinkresource is requested may inform that one of 4G LTE sidelink resource,5G NR sidelink resource or both 4G LTE sidelink resource and 5G NRsidelink resource is requested.

In some implementations, the wireless device may further transmit acapability of the wireless device on 4G LTE/5G NR/both to the gNB-CU.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2.

In step S1310, upon receiving the request message (e.g., RRC requestmessage or RRC reconfiguration request message) from the wirelessdevice, the gNB-CU checks the received request message and gets to knowthe type of the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE or pedestrian UE orother UE). Then, the gNB-CU sends a message with V2X resource requestindication to the gNB-DU to request the resource for V2X sidelinkcommunication. The message may include the information on type of thewireless device (e.g., vehicle UE or pedestrian UE or other UE).

If the wireless device is in an idle mode (e.g., RRC_IDLE), the messagemay be an UE context setup message. The UE context setup message mayinclude the information on type of the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UEor pedestrian UE or other UE). If the wireless device is in a connectedmode (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), the message may be an UE contextmodification message. The UE context modification message may includethe information on type of the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE orpedestrian UE or other UE).

In some implementations, the gNB-CU may also checks the assistanceinformation received from the wireless device. The gNB-CU may includethe assistance information in the message to be sent to gNB-DU.

The assistance information may include traffic pattern information ofUE's sidelink. The traffic pattern information may provide the trafficcharacteristics of sidelink logical channel(s) that are setup for V2Xsidelink communication. For example, the traffic pattern information mayinclude at least one of traffic periodicity, timing offset, priorityInformation for sidelink, logical channel identity, etc.

In some implementations, the traffic periodicity may indicate theestimated data arrival periodicity in a sidelink logical channel Forexample, the traffic periodicity may be 20 ms, 50 ms, and so on.

In some implementations, the timing offset may indicate the estimatedtiming for a packet arrival in a sidelink logical channel For example,the value may indicate the timing offset with respect to subframe #0 ofsystem frame number (SFN) #0 in milliseconds.

In some implementations, the priority information may indicate thetraffic priority (i.e., proximity based services (ProSe)-per-packetpriority (PPPP)) associated with the reported traffic pattern for V2Xsidelink communication.

In some implementations, the gNB-CU may also check the informationrelated to the

RAT on what kind of resources that the wireless device has requested.The gNB-CU may check the RAT for which the sidelink resource isrequested based on the information related to the RAT.

In some implementations, the gNB-CU may also include whether theresource request is on LTE resource, on NR resource, or on both LTE andNR resource in the message to be sent to gNB-DU. In someimplementations, information that the resource request is on 4G LTE maybe included in the message to be sent to the gNB-DU. In someimplementations, information that the resource request is on 5G NR maybe included in the message to be sent to the gNB-DU. In someimplementations, information that the resource request is on both 4G LTEand 5G NR may be included in the message to be sent to the gNB-DU.

In some implementations, the gNB-CU may also include high level resourceinformation (e.g., high level LTE resource, NR resource, or both) to beused for V2X sidelink communication in the message to be sent to thegNB-DU. The transmission of the high level resource information to beused for V2X sidelink communication may be realized by the cell specificprocedure (e.g., F1 setup procedure) and/or OAM configuration to thegNB-DU directly.

In some implementations, the gNB-CU may also include the capability ofthe wireless device on 4G LTE/5G NR/both in the message to be sent tothe gNB-DU.

In some implementations, the sidelink resource allocation may be appliedto the dedicated signaling based mode by using dynamic resourceallocation and/or configured grant type 2. For the dedicated signalingbased mode by using dynamic resource allocation, the message with V2Xresource request indication may let the gNB-DU allocate the exactsidelink grant on 4G LTE, 5G NR or both. For the dedicated signalingbased mode by using configured grant type 2, the message with V2Xresource request indication may let the gNB-DU activate/releaseconfigured grant with DCI on 4G LTE, 5G NR or both.

In step S1320, upon receiving the message with V2X resource requestindication, the gNB-DU may perform radio resource configuration based onat least one of the type of the wireless device (vehicle UE orpedestrian UE or other UE), the assistance information on sidelink, theresource request information on 4G LTE, on 5G NR, or on both 4G LTE and5G NR. The radio resource configuration may include at least one of MACmain configuration and/or physical channel configuration. Uponperforming radio resource configuration, the gNB-DU gives a response tothe gNB-CU.

In some implementations, for the dedicated signaling based mode by usingdynamic resource allocation, the gNB-DU may allocate the exact sidelinkgrant on 4G LTE, 5G NR or both based on the resource request informationon 4G LTE, on 5G NR, or on both 4G LTE and 5G NR. The gNB-Du may giveresponse including information related to the sidelink grant to thegNB-CU. For the dedicated signaling based mode by using configured granttype 2, the gNB-DU may decide activation/release of the configured grantwith DCI correspondingly based on the resource request information on 4GLTE, on 5G NR, or on both 4G LTE and 5G NR. The gNB-DU may give thecorresponding response to the gNB-CU.

In step S1330, upon receiving the response from the gNB-DU, the gNB-CUtransmits a response message to the wireless device (e.g., the vehicleor pedestrian UE or other UE). The response message may includecorresponding resource allocation information received from the gNB-DUin step S1320. If the wireless device is in an idle mode (e.g.,RRC_IDLE), the response message may be an RRC setup message. If thewireless device is in a connected mode (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), theresponse message may be an RRC reconfiguration message.

Upon receiving the response message from the gNB-CU, the wireless canperform V2X sidelink communication by using the sidelink resource on 4 GLTE/5 G NR/both.

FIG. 14 shows another example of a method for allocating resources forV2X sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

The procedure shown in FIG. 14 is used for on-demand broadcast basedsolution for V2X sidelink communication of the wireless device.

In step S1400, the wireless device (e.g., the vehicle UE or pedestrianUE or other UE) transmits an on-demand broadcast request message to thegNB-CU. The on-demand broadcast request message may be transmitted forreceiving resource information (e.g., resource pool/resourceblock/resource grant) to be used for V2X sidelink communication. Theon-demand broadcast request message may include the type of the wirelessdevice (e.g., the vehicle UE or pedestrian UE or other UE).

In some implementations, the wireless device may transmit assistanceinformation to the gNB-CU based on its information and decision on thesidelink together with type of the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE orpedestrian UE or other UE). The assistance information may includetraffic pattern information of UE's sidelink. The traffic patterninformation may provide the traffic characteristics of sidelink logicalchannel(s) that are setup for V2X sidelink communication. For example,the traffic pattern information may include at least one of trafficperiodicity, timing offset, priority Information for sidelink, logicalchannel identity, etc.

In some implementations, the traffic periodicity may indicate theestimated data arrival periodicity in a sidelink logical channel Forexample, the traffic periodicity may be 20 ms, 50 ms, and so on.

In some implementations, the timing offset may indicate the estimatedtiming for a packet arrival in a sidelink logical channel For example,the value may indicate the timing offset with respect to subframe #0 ofsystem frame number (SFN) #0 in milliseconds.

In some implementations, the priority information may indicate thetraffic priority (i.e., proximity based services (ProSe)-per-packetpriority (PPPP)) associated with the reported traffic pattern for V2Xsidelink communication.

In step S1410, upon receiving the on-demand broadcast request messagefrom the wireless device, the gNB-CU checks the received request messageand gets to know the type of the wireless (e.g., vehicle UE orpedestrian UE or other UE). Then, the gNB-CU sends a message with V2Xresource request indication to the gNB-DU to request broadcast of theresource for V2X communication. The message may include the informationon type of the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE or pedestrian UE orother UE).

In some implementations, the gNB-CU may also check the assistanceinformation received from the wireless device, based on which the gNB-CUdecides to change the SIB configuration. Thus, the gNB-CU may triggerthe gNB-CU configuration update procedure by transmitting the gNB-CUconfiguration update message to the gNB-DU for notifying the updated SIBconfiguration. Then, gNB-CU may send the system information deliverymessage to the gNB-DU for this specific delivery based on request of thewireless device.

In step S1420, upon receiving the message with V2X resource requestindication, the gNB-DU selects the proper resource pool/block/grantbased on the V2X resource request indication and broadcasts the resourcepool/block/grant to wireless devices directly.

Upon receiving the resource pool/block/grant from the gNB-DU, thewireless can perform V2X sidelink communication with the resourcepool/block/grant.

All of the messages in the present disclosure described above are merelyexamples based on the existing procedures, are not limited thereto. Thatis, new messages can be defined to achieve the purpose of the presentdisclosure.

The present disclosure may be applied to various future technologies,such as AI.

<AI>

AI refers to artificial intelligence and/or the field of studyingmethodology for making it. Machine learning is a field of studyingmethodologies that define and solve various problems dealt with in AI.Machine learning may be defined as an algorithm that enhances theperformance of a task through a steady experience with any task.

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning.It can mean a whole model of problem-solving ability, consisting ofartificial neurons (nodes) that form a network of synapses. An ANN canbe defined by a connection pattern between neurons in different layers,a learning process for updating model parameters, and/or an activationfunction for generating an output value. An ANN may include an inputlayer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Eachlayer may contain one or more neurons, and an ANN may include a synapsethat links neurons to neurons. In an ANN, each neuron can output asummation of the activation function for input signals, weights, anddeflections input through the synapse. Model parameters are parametersdetermined through learning, including deflection of neurons and/orweights of synaptic connections. The hyper-parameter means a parameterto be set in the machine learning algorithm before learning, andincludes a learning rate, a repetition number, a mini batch size, aninitialization function, etc. The objective of the ANN learning can beseen as determining the model parameters that minimize the lossfunction. The loss function can be used as an index to determine optimalmodel parameters in learning process of ANN.

Machine learning can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervisedlearning, and reinforcement learning, depending on the learning method.Supervised learning is a method of learning ANN with labels given tolearning data. Labels are the answers (or result values) that ANN mustinfer when learning data is input to ANN. Unsupervised learning can meana method of learning ANN without labels given to learning data.Reinforcement learning can mean a learning method in which an agentdefined in an environment learns to select a behavior and/or sequence ofactions that maximizes cumulative compensation in each state.

Machine learning, which is implemented as a deep neural network (DNN)that includes multiple hidden layers among ANN, is also called deeplearning. Deep learning is part of machine learning. In the following,machine learning is used to mean deep learning.

FIG. 15 shows an example of an AI device to which the technical featuresof the present disclosure can be applied.

The AI device 1500 may be implemented as a stationary device or a mobiledevice, such as a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, adesktop computer, a notebook, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA, aPMP, a navigation device, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box(STB), a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) receiver, a radio, awashing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle,etc.

Referring to FIG. 15, the AI device 1500 may include a communicationpart 1510, an input part 1520, a learning processor 1530, a sensing part1540, an output part 1550, a memory 1560, and a processor 1570.

The communication part 1510 can transmit and/or receive data to and/orfrom external devices such as the AI devices and the AI server usingwire and/or wireless communication technology. For example, thecommunication part 1510 can transmit and/or receive sensor information,a user input, a learning model, and a control signal with externaldevices. The communication technology used by the communication part1510 may include a global system for mobile communication (GSM), a codedivision multiple access (CDMA), an LTE/LTE-A, a 5G, a WLAN, a Wi-Fi,Bluetooth™, radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared dataassociation (IrDA), ZigBee, and/or near field communication (NFC).

The input part 1520 can acquire various kinds of data. The input part1520 may include a camera for inputting a video signal, a microphone forreceiving an audio signal, and a user input part for receivinginformation from a user. A camera and/or a microphone may be treated asa sensor, and a signal obtained from a camera and/or a microphone may bereferred to as sensing data and/or sensor information. The input part1520 can acquire input data to be used when acquiring an output usinglearning data and a learning model for model learning. The input part1520 may obtain raw input data, in which case the processor 1570 or thelearning processor 1530 may extract input features by preprocessing theinput data.

The learning processor 1530 may learn a model composed of an ANN usinglearning data. The learned ANN can be referred to as a learning model.The learning model can be used to infer result values for new input datarather than learning data, and the inferred values can be used as abasis for determining which actions to perform. The learning processor1530 may perform AI processing together with the learning processor ofthe AI server. The learning processor 1530 may include a memoryintegrated and/or implemented in the AI device 1500. Alternatively, thelearning processor 1530 may be implemented using the memory 1560, anexternal memory directly coupled to the AI device 1500, and/or a memorymaintained in an external device.

The sensing part 1540 may acquire at least one of internal informationof the AI device 1500, environment information of the AI device 1500,and/or the user information using various sensors. The sensors includedin the sensing part 1540 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminancesensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, aninertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognitionsensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a lightdetection and ranging (LIDAR), and/or a radar.

The output part 1550 may generate an output related to visual, auditory,tactile, etc. The output part 1550 may include a display unit foroutputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditoryinformation, and/or a haptic module for outputting tactile information.

The memory 1560 may store data that supports various functions of the AIdevice 1500. For example, the memory 1560 may store input data acquiredby the input part 1520, learning data, a learning model, a learninghistory, etc.

The processor 1570 may determine at least one executable operation ofthe AI device 1500 based on information determined and/or generatedusing a data analysis algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm. Theprocessor 1570 may then control the components of the AI device 1500 toperform the determined operation. The processor 1570 may request,retrieve, receive, and/or utilize data in the learning processor 1530and/or the memory 1560, and may control the components of the AI device1500 to execute the predicted operation and/or the operation determinedto be desirable among the at least one executable operation. Theprocessor 1570 may generate a control signal for controlling theexternal device, and may transmit the generated control signal to theexternal device, when the external device needs to be linked to performthe determined operation. The processor 1570 may obtain the intentioninformation for the user input and determine the user's requirementsbased on the obtained intention information. The processor 1570 may useat least one of a speech-to-text (STT) engine for converting speechinput into a text string and/or a natural language processing (NLP)engine for acquiring intention information of a natural language, toobtain the intention information corresponding to the user input. Atleast one of the STT engine and/or the NLP engine may be configured asan ANN, at least a part of which is learned according to a machinelearning algorithm. At least one of the STT engine and/or the NLP enginemay be learned by the learning processor 1530 and/or learned by thelearning processor of the AI server, and/or learned by their distributedprocessing. The processor 1570 may collect history information includingthe operation contents of the AI device 1500 and/or the user's feedbackon the operation, etc. The processor 1570 may store the collectedhistory information in the memory 1560 and/or the learning processor1530, and/or transmit to an external device such as the AI server. Thecollected history information can be used to update the learning model.The processor 1570 may control at least some of the components of AIdevice 1500 to drive an application program stored in memory 1560.Furthermore, the processor 1570 may operate two or more of thecomponents included in the AI device 1500 in combination with each otherfor driving the application program.

FIG. 16 shows an example of an AI system to which the technical featuresof the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 16, in the AI system, at least one of an AI server1620, a robot 1610 a, an autonomous vehicle 1610 b, an XR device 1610 c,a smartphone 1610 d and/or a home appliance 1610 e is connected to acloud network 1600. The robot 1610 a, the autonomous vehicle 1610 b, theXR device 1610 c, the smartphone 1610 d, and/or the home appliance 1610e to which the AI technology is applied may be referred to as AI devices1610 a to 1610 e.

The cloud network 1600 may refer to a network that forms part of a cloudcomputing infrastructure and/or resides in a cloud computinginfrastructure. The cloud network 1600 may be configured using a 3Gnetwork, a 4G or LTE network, and/or a 5G network. That is, each of thedevices 1610 a to 1610 e and 1620 consisting the AI system may beconnected to each other through the cloud network 1600. In particular,each of the devices 1610 a to 1610 e and 1620 may communicate with eachother through a base station, but may directly communicate with eachother without using a base station.

The AI server 1620 may include a server for performing AI processing anda server for performing operations on big data. The AI server 1620 isconnected to at least one or more of AI devices constituting the AIsystem, i.e., the robot 1610 a, the autonomous vehicle 1610 b, the XRdevice 1610 c, the smartphone 1610 d and/or the home appliance 1610 ethrough the cloud network 1600, and may assist at least some AIprocessing of the connected AI devices 1610 a to 1610e. The AI server1620 can learn the ANN according to the machine learning algorithm onbehalf of the AI devices 1610 a to 1610 e, and can directly store thelearning models and/or transmit them to the AI devices 1610 a to 1610 e.The AI server 1620 may receive the input data from the AI devices 1610 ato 1610 e, infer the result value with respect to the received inputdata using the learning model, generate a response and/or a controlcommand based on the inferred result value, and transmit the generateddata to the AI devices 1610 a to 1610 e. Alternatively, the AI devices1610 a to 1610 e may directly infer a result value for the input datausing a learning model, and generate a response and/or a control commandbased on the inferred result value.

Various embodiments of the AI devices 1610 a to 1610 e to which thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied will bedescribed. The AI devices 1610 a to 1610 e shown in FIG. 16 can be seenas specific embodiments of the AI device 1500 shown in FIG. 15.

The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

For example, for advanced/enhanced V2X services, the resource managementcan be enhanced from the legacy resource management.

For example, the resource can be allocated efficiently foradvanced/enhanced V2X services in case of CU/DU split basedarchitecture.

For example, the resource allocation for advanced V2X services may bemore realistic in case of CU/DU split based architecture.

For example, the wireless device (e.g., vehicle UE or pedestrian UE orother UE) can perform V2X sidelink communication by using 4G LTEresource, 5G NR resource or both.

Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effectslisted above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effectsthat a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understandand/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specificeffects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitlydescribed herein, but may include various effects that may be understoodor derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

In view of the exemplary systems described herein, methodologies thatmay be implemented in accordance with the disclosed subject matter havebeen described with reference to several flow diagrams. While forpurposed of simplicity, the methodologies are shown and described as aseries of steps or blocks, it is to be understood and appreciated thatthe claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the steps orblocks, as some steps may occur in different orders or concurrently withother steps from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, oneskilled in the art would understand that the steps illustrated in theflow diagram are not exclusive and other steps may be included or one ormore of the steps in the example flow diagram may be deleted withoutaffecting the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. Forinstance, technical features in method claims of the present descriptioncan be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, andtechnical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implementedor performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s)and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed inan apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) andapparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in amethod. Other implementations are within the scope of the followingclaims.

1. A method performed by a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) operating in awireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving, from awireless device, a sidelink resource request for a specific radio accesstechnology (RAT); transmitting, to a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU), thesidelink resource request for the specific RAT; receiving, from thegNB-DU, a sidelink resource for the specific RAT, which is configured bythe gNB-DU based on the sidelink resource request for the specific RAT;and transmitting, to the wireless device, the sidelink resource for thespecific RAT.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific RAT onlyincludes a 4G long-term evolution (LTE).
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the specific RAT only includes a 5G new radio access technology(NR).
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific RAT includes both a4G LTE and a 5G NR.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprisingchecking the specific RAT based on the sidelink resource request for thespecific RAT.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein high level resourceinformation to be used for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) sidelinkcommunication is transmitted to the gNB-DU together with the sidelinkresource request for the specific RAT.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereina capability of the wireless device for the specific RAT is transmittedto the gNB-DU together with the sidelink resource request for thespecific RAT.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sidelink resourcefor the specific RAT is transmitted to the wireless device via adedicated signaling by using at least one of a dynamic resourceallocation or a configured grant.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein thegNB-CU is a logical node constituting a gNB that hosts a radio resourcecontrol (RRC) layer and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer,and wherein the gNB-DU is a logical node constituting a gNB that hosts aradio link control (RLC) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer and aphysical layer.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless deviceis in communication with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network,and/or autonomous vehicles other than the wireless device.
 11. A gNBcentral unit (gNB-CU) operating in a wireless communication system, themethod comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computermemory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storinginstructions that, based on being executed by the at least oneprocessor, perform operations comprising: receiving, from a wirelessdevice, a sidelink resource request for a specific radio accesstechnology (RAT); transmitting, to a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU),sidelink resource request for the specific RAT; receiving, from thegNB-DU, a sidelink resource for the specific RAT, which is configured bythe gNB-DU based on the sidelink resource request for the specific RAT;and transmitting, to the wireless device, the sidelink resource for thespecific RAT.
 12. (canceled)
 13. (canceled)
 14. (canceled) 15.(canceled)
 16. A user equipment (UE) operating in a wirelesscommunication system, the method comprising: transmitting, to a gNBcentral unit (gNB-CU), a sidelink resource request for a specific radioaccess technology (RAT); and receiving, from the gNB-CU, a sidelinkresource for the specific RAT, which is configured by a gNB distributedunit (DU) based on the sidelink resource request for the specific RATforwarded to the gNB-DU by the gNB-CU.